Figure 1.
The graph shows average partisanship of a phrase on the Y-axis, ranging from 0.500 to 0.510, plotted against year on the X-axis from about 1905 to 2020. Two lines are shown. A solid line labelled Real fluctuates above 0.501 with noticeable peaks around the 1930s, 1950s, and 1970s, and smaller variations afterward. A dashed line labelled Random stays close to 0.500 throughout the period with minimal variation. Shaded bands around each line show variability over time.Left–right partisanship, controls for government status, speaker gender and region
Note(s): Results are based on regressions with controls for government status of speaker’s party, speaker’s gender and the region of the speaker. Confidence intervals are based on subsampling and have 80% nominal coverage. The confidence intervals are computed via subsampling. The series breaks in 1915–1916, when the parliament did not gather, and in 1918 and 1939, when the number of speakers from left parties was below 30 (1 and 24, respectively)