Figure 2
The structural equation model consists of five latent variables, each represented by an oval node arranged vertically and labeled from top to bottom as follows: “B E”, “C T”, “G B I”, “P E R”, and “E F P I”. From “B E”, eight arrows point leftward to eight rectangles labeled from top to bottom as “Q 11”, “Q 12”, “Q 13”, “Q 14”, “Q 15”, “Q 16”, “Q 17”, and “Q 18”. These arrows are labeled “0.81”, “0.88”, “0.90”, “0.92”, “0.86”, “0.78”, “0.72”, and “0.70”, respectively. Each of these rectangles receives a rightward arrow from a small circular error term node labeled “e 1”, “e 2”, “e 3”, “e 4”, “e 5”, “e 6”, “e 7”, and “e 8”, respectively. From “C T”, seven arrows point leftward to seven rectangles labeled from top to bottom as “Q 26”, “Q 27”, “Q 28”, “Q 29”, “Q 30”, “Q 31”, and “Q 32”. These arrows are labeled “0.74”, “0.86”, “0.82”, “0.86”, “0.83”, “0.85”, and “0.96”, respectively. Each of these rectangles receives a rightward arrow from a small circular error term node labeled “e 9”, “e 10”, “e 11”, “e 12”, “e 13”, “e 14”, and “e 15”, respectively. From “G B I”, seven arrows point leftward to seven rectangles labeled from top to bottom as “Q 19”, “Q 20”, “Q 21”, “Q 22”, “Q 23”, “Q 24”, and “Q 25”. These arrows are labeled “0.72”, “0.83”, “0.88”, “0.79”, “0.83”, “0.68”, and “0.74”, respectively. Each of these rectangles receives a rightward arrow from a small circular error term node labeled “e 16”, “e 17”, “e 18”, “e 19”, “e 20”, “e 21”, and “e 22”, respectively. From “P E R”, six arrows point leftward to six rectangles labeled from top to bottom as “Q 1”, “Q 2”, “Q 3”, “Q 4”, “Q 5”, and “Q 6”. These arrows are labeled “0.66”, “0.86”, “0.77”, “0.80”, “0.83”, and “0.96”, respectively. Each of these rectangles receives a rightward arrow from a small circular error term node labeled “e 23”, “e 24”, “e 25”, “e 26”, “e 27”, and “e 28”, respectively. From “E F P I”, four arrows point leftward to four rectangles labeled from top to bottom as “Q 7”, “Q 8”, “Q 9”, and “Q 10”. These arrows are labeled “0.53”, “0.56”, “0.90”, and “0.85”, respectively. Each of these rectangles receives a rightward arrow from a small circular error term node labeled “e 29”, “e 30”, “e 31”, and “e 32”, respectively. On the right side, curved double-headed arrows connect the latent variables with labels: “0.45” between “B E” and “C T”, “0.59” between “B E” and “G B I”, “0.36” between “B E” and “P E R”, “0.20” between “B E” and “E F P I”, “0.38” between “C T” and “G B I”, “0.45” between “C T” and “P E R”, “0.28” between “C T” and “E F P I”, “0.32” between “G B I” and “P E R”, “0.18” between “G B I” and “E F P I”, and “0.28” between “P E R” and “E F P I”.Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Source: Calculated Values from the tables, 2025