Figure 2.
Distribution of bidder asymmetry, by industry group Refer to the image caption for details.The six separate histograms are arranged in two rows and three columns. The top row panels are titled Business services, Construction contracts, and Construction services. The bottom row panels are titled Medical equipment, Social and Healthcare, and Transport services. A shared vertical axis label on the left reads Density. A shared horizontal axis label at the bottom reads Max employees divided by mean. Each panel has a horizontal axis ranging from 0 to 20, with labelled ticks at 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20. Each panel has a vertical axis ranging from 0 to 0.2, with labelled ticks at 0, 0.05, 0.1, 0.15, and 0.2. Each histogram consists of multiple narrow vertical bars representing density values. In all six panels, the bars are concentrated between approximately 1 and 6 on the horizontal axis. Additional bars extend intermittently from 6 to 20. The tallest bars in each panel rise to just above 0.2 on the vertical axis.

Distribution of bidder asymmetry, by industry group

Note(s): Bidder asymmetry is calculated for each invitation to tender by dividing the largest bidder’s employee count by average employee count. Bidders’ employee counts are recorded as an average over the year the ITT took place. Distributions are truncated at 20

Source: Authors’ own work

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