The diagram shows ten textboxes; five are vertically arranged on the left labeled “Extraversion”, “Agreeableness”, “Conscientiousness”, “Neuroticism”, and “Openness to experience”, one is present at the top center labeled “Empathic concern”, two are arranged horizontally at the bottom center labeled “Dysfunctional impulsivity” and “Functional impulsivity”, and two are vertically arranged on the right labeled “Intention to steal” and “Intention to access police data”. Two dashed rightward arrows emerge from “Extraversion” and connect to “Intention to steal” and “Intention to access police data”. A solid rightward arrow labeled “negative 0.163 asterisk” emerges from “Agreeableness” and points to “Intention to steal”, and another solid rightward arrow labeled “negative 0.214 double asterisk” emerges from “Agreeableness” and points to “Intention to access police data”. A solid rightward arrow labeled “negative 0.197 double asterisk” connects “Conscientiousness” to “Intention to steal”, and another dashed rightward arrow connects “Conscientiousness” to “Intention to access police data”. Two dashed rightward arrows emerge from “Neuroticism” and point to “Intention to steal” and “Intention to access police data”. A solid rightward arrow labeled “0.264 triple asterisk” emerges from “Openness to experience” and points to “Intention to steal”, and another dashed rightward arrow connects “Openness to experience” to “Intention to access police data”. From the bottom-center textbox labeled “Dysfunctional impulsivity”, two dashed rightward arrows emerge that point to “Intention to steal” and “Intention to access police data”. A dashed rightward arrow emerges from “Functional impulsivity” and points to “Intention to steal”, and a solid rightward arrow labeled “negative 0.138 open parenthesis p equals 0.06 closed parenthesis” emerges from “Functional impulsivity” and points to “Intention to access police data”. From the top-center textbox labeled “Empathic concern”, two dashed rightward arrows emerge that point to “Intention to steal” and “Intention to access police data”. A double-headed arrow labeled “r equals 0.25 double asterisk” connects “Intention to steal” and “Intention to access police data”. A label “R-squared equals 13.5 percent” appears next to “Intention to steal”, and a label “R-squared equals 5.8 percent” appears next to “Intention to access police data”.Results of path analysis of intention to steal and to access police databases without authorisation based on Big Five traits, empathic concern, and impulsivity. Notes: (1) This figure represents the empirical (observed) model tested in Mplus (version 7.11) using the WSLMV estimator. This model includes two dichotomous endogenous variables analysed jointly within a multivariate structural equation modelling framework, along with observed exogenous variables (scale scores for the Big Five personality traits, empathic concern, and impulsivity). (2) To improve readability, the correlations among all exogenous variables (the Big Five personality traits, empathic concern, and impulsivity) are not depicted. The full correlation matrix is available in the supplementary materials. (3) A residual correlation (r = 0.25, p = 0.002) between the two unethical intentions is represented as a bidirectional arrow between their residuals, indicating shared unexplained variance. Source: Authors' own work