Figure 2:
A series of three faceted line graphs 2017, 2021, and 2024 illustrating the probability of voting for a party based on the Estimated Utility for Party's Policies. Each row shows S-curves for various Japanese political parties such as LDP, CDP, JIP, with orange lines highlighting the specific voting probability at a utility of zero.

Fitted probabilities of vote choice by policy utility.

Note: Each year’s estimates come from a single conditional logit model. Points are fitted probabilities from the model. The sloped line is a fitted local average, and the horizontal line indicates the average probability at W = 0, which captures the valence estimate on the probability scale. See Online Appendix Table C.4, baseline model, for full results in table format.

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