Figure A1
The diagram shows two factor models placed side-by-side. The descriptions of each are as follows: The left model is labeled “First-order Factor Model”. The details are as follows: The path diagram starts on the left with nine vertically arranged ovals, labeled from top to bottom as follows: “Attractiveness”, “Trustworthiness”, “Expertise”, “Product Involvement”, “Consumption Involvement”, “Purchase Involvement”, “Attitude towards Ad”, “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed”, and “Purchase Intention”. Some of the path coefficients are shown below. From “Attractiveness”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.75, points to the first rectangle labeled “A T 1”. A circle labeled “e 1” on the left points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.94, points to the second rectangle labeled “A T 2”. A circle labeled “e 2” on the left points back to this rectangle. From “Trustworthiness”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.89, points to “T R 1”. A circle labeled “e 4” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.97, points to “T R 2”. A circle labeled “e 5” points back to this rectangle. From “Expertise”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.91, points to “E X 1”. A circle labeled “e 7” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.93, points to “E X 2”. A circle labeled “e 8” points back to this rectangle. From “Product Involvement”, four leftward arrows connect to four vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.84, points to “B P I 1”. A circle labeled “e 10” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.91, points to “B P I 2”. A circle labeled “e 11” points back to this rectangle. The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.68, points to “B P I 3”. A circle labeled “e 12” points back to this rectangle. From “Consumption Involvement”, four leftward arrows connect to four vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.89, points to “B C I 1”. A circle labeled “e 14” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.80, points to “B C I 2”. A circle labeled “e 15” points back to this rectangle. From “Purchase Involvement”, four leftward arrows connect to four vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.91, points to “B P D 1”. A circle labeled “e 18” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.95, points to “B P D 2”. A circle labeled “e 19” points back to this rectangle. The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.67, points to “B P D 3”. A circle labeled “e 20” points back to this rectangle. From “Attitude towards Ad”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.84, points to “Ata 1 underscore 1”. A circle labeled “e 22” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.85, points to “Ata 1 underscore 2”. A circle labeled “e 23” points back to this rectangle. The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.60, points to “Ata 1 underscore 5”. A circle labeled “e 26” points back to this rectangle. From “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.93, points to “Ata 2 underscore 1”. A circle labeled “e 28” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.92, points to “Ata 2 underscore 2”. A circle labeled “e 29” points back to this rectangle. The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.75, points to “Ata 2 underscore 5”. A circle labeled “e 32” points back to this rectangle. From “Purchase Intention”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.90, points to “P I 1”. A circle labeled “e 34” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.86, points to “P I 2”. A circle labeled “e 35” points back to this rectangle. The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.85, points to “P I 3”. A circle labeled “e 36” points back to this rectangle. The path coefficients between these variables are as follows: A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attractiveness” and “Trustworthiness” with a path coefficient of 0.59. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attractiveness” and “Expertise” with a path coefficient of 0.64. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attractiveness” and “Product Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.11. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attractiveness” and “Consumption Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.07. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attractiveness” and “Purchase Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.13. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attractiveness” and “Attitude towards Ad” with a path coefficient of 0.08. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attractiveness” and “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” with a path coefficient of 0.23. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attractiveness” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.19. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Trustworthiness” and “Expertise” with a path coefficient of 0.73. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Trustworthiness” and “Product Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.22. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Trustworthiness” and “Consumption Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.16. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Trustworthiness” and “Purchase Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.22. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Trustworthiness” and “Attitude towards Ad” with a path coefficient of 0.17. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Trustworthiness” and “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” with a path coefficient of 0.42. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Trustworthiness” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.37. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Expertise” and “Product Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.18. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Expertise” and “Consumption Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.12. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Expertise” and “Purchase Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.19. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Expertise” and “Attitude towards Ad” with a path coefficient of 0.12. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Expertise” and “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” with a path coefficient of 0.38. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Expertise” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.34. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Product Involvement” and “Consumption Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.83. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Product Involvement” and “Purchase Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.69. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Product Involvement” and “Attitude towards Ad” with a path coefficient of 0.39. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Product Involvement” and “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” with a path coefficient of 0.49. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Product Involvement” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.54. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Consumption Involvement” and “Purchase Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.62. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Consumption Involvement” and “Attitude towards Ad” with a path coefficient of 0.30. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Consumption Involvement” and “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” with a path coefficient of 0.41. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Consumption Involvement” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.50. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Purchase Involvement” and “Attitude towards Ad” with a path coefficient of 0.32. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Purchase Involvement” and “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” with a path coefficient of 0.48. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Purchase Involvement” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.50. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attitude towards Ad” and “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” with a path coefficient of 0.48. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attitude towards Ad” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.46. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.77. The right model is labeled “Second-order Factor Model”. The details are as follows: The path diagram starts on the left with nine vertically arranged ovals, labeled from top to bottom as follows: “Attractiveness”, “Trustworthiness”, “Expertise”, “Product Involvement”, “Consumption Involvement”, “Purchase Involvement”, “Attitude towards Ad”, “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed”, and “Purchase Intention”. Some of the path coefficients are shown below. From “Attractiveness”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. A circle labeled “e 37” is shown below “Attractiveness” and points back to it. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.75, points to the first rectangle labeled “A T 1”. A circle labeled “e 1” on the left points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.94, points to the second rectangle labeled “A T 2”. A circle labeled “e 2” on the left points back to this rectangle. From “Trustworthiness”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. A circle labeled “e 38” is shown below “Trustworthiness” and points back to it. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.89, points to “T R 1”. A circle labeled “e 4” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.97, points to “T R 2”. A circle labeled “e 5” points back to this rectangle. From “Expertise”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. A circle labeled “e 39” is shown below “Expertise” and points back to it. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.91, points to “E X 1”. A circle labeled “e 7” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.93, points to “E X 2”. A circle labeled “e 8” points back to this rectangle. From “Product Involvement”, four leftward arrows connect to four vertically arranged rectangles on the left. A circle labeled “e 40” is shown below “Product Involvement” and points back to it. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.84, points to “B P I 1”. A circle labeled “e 10” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.91, points to “B P I 2”. A circle labeled “e 11” points back to this rectangle. The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.68, points to “B P I 3”. A circle labeled “e 12” points back to this rectangle. From “Consumption Involvement”, four leftward arrows connect to four vertically arranged rectangles on the left. A circle labeled “e 41” is shown below “Consumption Involvement” and points back to it. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.89, points to “B C I 1”. A circle labeled “e 14” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.80, points to “B C I 2”. A circle labeled “e 15” points back to this rectangle. From “Purchase Involvement”, four leftward arrows connect to four vertically arranged rectangles on the left. A circle labeled “e 42” is shown below “Purchase Involvement” and points back to it. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.91, points to “B P D 1”. A circle labeled “e 18” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.95, points to “B P D 2”. A circle labeled “e 19” points back to this rectangle. The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.67, points to “B P D 3”. A circle labeled “e 20” points back to this rectangle. From “Attitude towards Ad”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.84, points to “Ata 1 underscore 1”. A circle labeled “e 22” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.85, points to “Ata 1 underscore 2”. A circle labeled “e 23” points back to this rectangle. The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.60, points to “Ata 1 underscore 5”. A circle labeled “e 26” points back to this rectangle. From “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.93, points to “Ata 2 underscore 1”. A circle labeled “e 28” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.92, points to “Ata 2 underscore 2”. A circle labeled “e 29” points back to this rectangle. The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.75, points to “Ata 2 underscore 5”. A circle labeled “e 32” points back to this rectangle. From “Purchase Intention”, three leftward arrows connect to three vertically arranged rectangles on the left. The first arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.90, points to “P I 1”. A circle labeled “e 34” points back to this rectangle. The second arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.86, points to “P I 2”. A circle labeled “e 35” points back to this rectangle. The third arrow, with a path coefficient of 0.85, points to “P I 3”. A circle labeled “e 36” points back to this rectangle. On the right, two ovals are arranged vertically. The top oval is labeled “Influencers’ credibility,” and the bottom is labeled “Consumer involvement”. A leftward arrow from “Influencers’ credibility” points to “Attractiveness” with a path coefficient of 0.69. A leftward arrow from “Influencers’ credibility” points to “Trustworthiness” with a path coefficient of 0.87. A leftward arrow from “Influencers’ credibility” points to “Expertise” with a path coefficient of 0.90. A leftward arrow from “Consumer Involvement” points to “Product Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.95. A leftward arrow from “Consumer Involvement” points to “Consumption involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.87. A leftward arrow from “Consumer Involvement” points to “Purchase Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.73. The path coefficients between these variables are as follows: A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Influencers’ credibility” and “Consumer Involvement” with a path coefficient of 0.22. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Influencers’ credibility” and “Attitude towards Ad” with a path coefficient of 0.16. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Influencers’ credibility” and “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” with a path coefficient of 0.44. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Influencers’ credibility” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.39. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Consumer Involvement” and “Attitude towards Ad” with a path coefficient of 0.40. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Consumer Involvement” and “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” with a path coefficient of 0.49. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Consumer Involvement” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.58. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attitude towards Ad” and “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” with a path coefficient of 0.48. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attitude towards Ad” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.45. A curved bidirectional arrow connects “Attitude towards influencer-endorsed” and “Purchase Intention” with a path coefficient of 0.77.Measurement model (First and second order factor). Source: Authors' own work