Figure 4
The thematic map is divided into four quadrants by a horizontal dashed line and a vertical dashed line. The horizontal axis is labeled “Relevance degree (Centrality)”, and the vertical axis is labeled “Development degree (Density)”. The four quadrants are labeled in the corners as follows: “Niche Themes” at the top left, “Motor Themes” at the top right, “Emerging or Declining Themes” at the bottom left, and “Basic Themes” at the bottom right. Numerous circular nodes of varying sizes and positions represent different research topics. In the “Niche Themes” quadrant, a circular node includes “accounting profession a i”, “digital accounting”, another circular node includes “capabilities”, and “digital platforms”. At the top vertical divider, a cluster includes “innovation performance”, “technology acceptance model”, and “digital innovation”. Another cluster includes “learning”, “natural language processing”, and “neural networks”. A cluster near the left horizontal axis includes “e-government” and “e-governance”. In the “Motor Themes” quadrant, a circular node near the top vertical axis includes “distributed ledger technology”, “cryptocurrency”, and “bitcoin”. Another cluster near the intersection of the axes includes “analysis”, “audit”, and “corporate governance”. To the right of this is a circular node labeled “machine learning”, “human”, and “deep learning”. In the “Emerging or Declining Themes” quadrant, a circular node includes “public”, another cluster includes “quality”, and “structural equation modeling”. Near the downward vertical axis, a circular node includes “resilience”, and “small and medium-sized enterprises (s m e s)”. The label “cloud” appears at the bottom. In the “Basic Themes” quadrant, a cluster includes “digital transformation” and “technologies”. To its right, a node includes “blockchain”, “security”, and “banking”. Near the bottom right corner, a circular node includes “performance”, “intelligence”, and “artificial”, “digitalization”, another cluster of three nodes include “digitization”, and “accounting”, “artificial intelligence”, “big data”, and “digitalisation”, “digital transformation”, “s m e s”, “innovation”, respectively. A blue logo for “BIBLIOMETRIX” appears at the bottom right.Thematic evolution map of research themes. Source: Authors’ visualization, 2025