Figure 1.
The diagram depicts the structure of an organizational relationship involving headquarters (H Q), digital communication technology (D C T), digital systems technology (D S T), and multiple subsidiaries. At the top, HQ connects to D C T and D S T shown in separate boxes, with arrows indicating interactions. The concept of centralization, encapsulated within a box, highlights its defining elements of autonomy, decision-making power, operational control, and subsidiary influence. Below, three overlapping circles delineate factors influencing knowledge transfer: ability to codify and articulate, willingness to share, and opportunity to share. An arrow leads downward from the central theme to illustrate reverse knowledge transfer from subsidiaries back to H Q, emphasizing the flow of information. The layout is structured clearly, with connections demonstrating the hierarchical data flow and interactions among components.The effect of headquarters’ different digital technology adoption on subsidiary disseminative capacity in MNCs
Source: Authors’ own work