Figure 1
The diagram shows labeled rectangular boxes arranged along two slanted sides that meet at a point at the bottom. On the left, descending side of the V shape, four boxes are arranged from top to bottom and connected by straight black arrows sloping downward toward the center. These boxes are labeled, in order: “Requirement Definition”, “Demand analysis”, “Function analysis”, and “Architecture Design”. At the bottom center of the V shape is a box labeled “Design implementation”. This box represents the lowest point of the model. An arrow from “Architecture Design” connects to “Design implementation”. On the right, ascending side of the V shape, four boxes are arranged from bottom to top and connected by arrows sloping upward away from the center. These boxes are labeled, in order: “Component integration and verification”, “Subsystem integration and verification”, “System integration and verification”, and “Comprehensive verification and validation”. Horizontal arrows connect corresponding stages on the left and right sides of the V shape. Each of these horizontal connections is labeled with the repeated text “Verification and validation plan”, indicating alignment between development and verification activities at each level. At the lower left of the diagram, an arrow points diagonally downward toward the center of the V shape and is labeled “Requirement decomposition and definition”. At the lower right, an arrow points diagonally upward away from the center and is labeled “Integration and Verification”.Model-based system engineering flow diagram. Source: Author’s own work