Figure 3
The figure presents an equivalent electrical circuit model drawn horizontally from left to right. At the far left, a resistor labeled R subscript S (solution resistance) is connected in series to the rest of the network. After R subscript S, the circuit splits into a rectangular parallel arrangement consisting of three branches that reconnect at the right side before continuing to the output. The upper branch contains a component labeled “C P E”, represented by two vertical capacitor-style plates, indicating a constant phase element. This C P E spans directly between the left and right nodes of the parallel section. The middle branch consists of a single resistor labeled R subscript c t, positioned centrally between the same two nodes, representing the charge-transfer resistance. The lower branch contains two elements connected in series: an inductor labeled L on the left, followed by a resistor labeled R subscript L on the right. Together, L and R subscript L form a series sub-branch that also connects between the left and right nodes of the parallel network.Equivalent circuit used for fitting electrochemical impedance spectra of acidic cleaning agents. Source(s): Authors’ own work