Figure 1
The flow diagram shows a structured system for “Sustainable Construction and Demolition (C and D) Waste Management Framework” arranged from top to bottom with connected solid and dashed arrows, side stakeholders, and a central process block, alongside “Circular Economy Approach” on the right. At the top, a rectangular box labeled “Legislative and Regulatory Framework” includes an icon of a document and gavel and text stating it establishes laws, policies, and guidelines for C and D waste management and segregation, ensuring legal compliance. A solid downward arrow leads to the next box labeled “Monitoring and Compliance Framework”, which includes a chart icon and text stating it ensures that C and D waste segregation, recycling, and disposal adhere to regulatory standards. Another solid downward arrow leads to “Implementation and Execution Framework”, which states it oversees the practical application of waste management regulations by construction organisations, recycling facilities, and P P P s. From the left side of the monitoring level, a solid left-pointing arrow connects to “Ministry of Municipal and Rural Affairs and Amanas”, shown with an official emblem. From the right side of the legislative level, a solid right-pointing arrow connects to “National Waste Management Law (M W A N)” with logo. From the right side of the monitoring level, a solid right-pointing arrow connects to “National Center for Environmental Compliance (N C E C)” with logo. At the implementation level, a dashed rectangular box on the left labeled “Construction Organisations” with a crane icon connects via a solid right-pointing arrow into the central process block. On the right, a dashed rectangular box labeled “Recycling Facilities” with an industrial icon and text “Saudi Investment Recycling Company (S I R C)” connects via a solid left-pointing arrow into the same process block. From “Construction Organisations” and “Recycling Facilities” a downward dashed arrow connects to the central dashed process boundary. The central dashed boundary contains the operational flow. A box labeled “Construction Site” connects by a solid right-pointing arrow to “Waste Generation”, then by a solid downward arrow to “Waste Collection”, followed by “Waste Storage”, and then to “Waste Segregation”. A dotted box labeled “On-site (Source)” is positioned beside segregation. From “Waste Segregation”, three solid downward branches lead to “Reused Waste”, “Recyclable Waste”, and “Non-recyclable Waste”. From “Recyclable Waste”, a dashed downward arrow leads to “Waste Transportation”. From “Non-recyclable Waste”, a solid downward arrow leads to “Waste Transportation” and another downward arrow“Landfill”. From “Reused Waste”, a solid downward arrow leads to “On-site” and another to “Market”. From “Waste Transportation”, a solid downward arrow leads to “Recycling Station”. From “Market” and “Recycling Station”, vertical arrows labeled “Product” point downward. At the bottom, a central icon of handshake represents “Customers”, with arrows labeled “Output (Products)” pointing toward it from both left and right sides. Beneath, categories of customers are listed from left to right as “Construction Organisations”, “Infrastructure Developers”, “Manufacturing Industries”, “Road Construction Agencies”, and “Landscaping Companies”.Framework for source segregation of C&D waste in Saudi Arabia