Figure 3
The conceptual diagram shows two horizontal sections labeled “POSITIVE” at the top and “NEGATIVE” at the bottom, with vertical arrows on the left and right indicating direction, including a plus symbol for positive and a minus symbol for negative. In the top “POSITIVE” section, three green speech-bubble quotes are displayed. The left quote reads “the current policies are largely sufficient, but they could be improved through more precise strategies. (WC underscore 02)”. The center quote reads “[Regulations] It’s quite structured. There are specific regulatory frameworks and technical guidelines that outline what’s required for licensing. These include environmental and operational standards ... (GO underscore 01)”. The right quote reads “With the intervention of the relevant authorities, such as the municipality, stricter procedures have been put in place to regulate waste disposal. (RF underscore 01)”. Below these quotes, three rectangular boxes are shown. The left box is labeled “Improved regulatory oversight” with the number “2” and the label “Positive”. The middle box is labeled “Regulations are not the main concern” with the number “2” and the label “Positive”. The right box is labeled “Clear regulations with limited implementation” with the number “6” and the label “Positive”. Each box includes a horizontal bar indicator. Below these boxes, four stakeholder labels are arranged horizontally: “Academics”, “Construction contractors”, “Government Organization”, and “Recycling Facilities”. Blue dashed lines connect these stakeholders to the positive and negative factors above and below. In the bottom “NEGATIVE” section, three rectangular boxes are displayed. The left box is labeled “Licensing and inspection procedures” with the number “7” and the label “Negative”. The middle box is labeled “Lack of clear regulations” with the number “8” and the label “Negative”. The right box is labeled “Weak enforcement of regulations” with the number “11” and the label “Negative”. Each box includes a horizontal bar indicator. Below these boxes, three pink speech-bubble quotes are shown. The left quote reads “The fundamental obstacle is the weakness of legal frameworks. There are no strict regulations governing waste management, nor is there a real accountability system for violators. (WC underscore 06)”. The center quote reads “Currently, laws lack strict enforcement and effective implementation, which limits the success of recycling programs. (AC underscore 01)”. The right quote reads “There is a lack of clarity in the implementation of these policies, and their actual impact on improving waste management and recycling processes is virtually non-existent. (WC underscore 04)”. Dashed connecting lines link stakeholder groups to both positive and negative factors.Contrasting perspectives on source segregation regulations for C&D waste in Saudi Arabia