Figure 1.
A framework diagram outlines exposure degree, resilience capability, response capability, and recovery ability, each subdivided into detailed functional components for evaluation.The diagram illustrates a hierarchical framework for disaster management evaluation. The top layer defines exposure degree through factors like route mileage and tunnel or station count. The resilience capability section includes flood, seismic, wind, snow, and lightning resistance capacities. The response capability is divided into emergency organisation, equipment, regulations, training, and disposal, incorporating human and material factors. Recovery ability is categorised into affordability, timeliness, optimisation, and quality, providing a comprehensive structure for system resilience analysis.

Analysis of the architecture diagram

Source: Authors’ own work, based on the synthesis of Adjetey-Bahun et al. (2016), Besinovic (2020), Gu et al. (2020), Janić (2018), Fan et al. (2023, 2025), Ilalokhoin et al. (2023), and Yang et al. (2022) 

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