Figure 3
Sixteen Kaplan–Meier survival plots are arranged in a four-by-four grid, labeled from (a) to (p). Each panel presents a “Kaplan–Meier survival estimate” with a solid step line labeled “Survivor function” and dashed lines labeled “95 percent C I”. In all panels, the horizontal axis is labeled “Time (in years)” and spans from 2000 to 2025 in increments of 5 years, while the vertical axis is labeled “Survival Probability” and ranges from 0 to 1 in increments of 0.25 units. Across all graphs, the survivor function begins near 1.0 at the start of the time axis and declines stepwise over time, with the dashed confidence interval bands surrounding the curve and slightly widening toward later years. Top row: (a) “T G D P G – Dev Econ” shows a steady downward survival trend from near 1.0 around 2000 to low values by about 2023–2025, with narrow confidence bands early and slightly wider bands later. (b) “T G D P G – Emerg Econ” shows a similar gradual stepwise decline over time with comparable confidence interval behavior. Second row: (c) “G D P C G – Dev Econ” displays a consistent decreasing survival curve with step drops and surrounding dashed confidence limits. (d) “G D P C G – Emerg Econ” shows a similar downward step pattern, with the survivor function declining steadily toward lower survival probabilities by the end of the period. Third row: (e) “G D P G – Dev Econ” presents a survival curve that decreases gradually with slightly larger step drops after the mid-period and widening confidence intervals near later years. (f) “G D P G – Emerg Econ” shows a comparable stepwise decline, ending at low survival probability near the end of the time span. Fourth row: (g) “G D P P G – Dev Econ” shows a steady downward trend, with visible step decreases and a widening confidence band near the end. (h) “G D P P G – Emerg Econ” displays a similar pattern, with survival probability declining in stages toward low values by the final years. Fifth row: (i) “I N F G – Dev Econ” shows a gradual downward stepwise survival trend with confidence bands around the curve. (j) “I N F G – Emerg Econ” presents a similar decreasing pattern across time with slightly widening confidence intervals. Sixth row: (k) “I N F D G – Dev Econ” shows a continuous stepwise decline, ending at lower survival probability near the final years. (l) “I N F D G – Emerg Econ” displays a comparable downward trend with dashed confidence limits surrounding the survivor function. Seventh row: (m) “R E E G – Dev Econ” shows a gradual but steady decline in survival probability, with the confidence band widening slightly toward later periods. (n) “R E E G – Emerg Econ” shows a similar downward step pattern with a consistent decline across time. Eighth row: (o) “L O G – Dev Econ” presents a decreasing survivor function with noticeable step drops in later years and surrounding dashed confidence limits. (p) “L O G – Emerg Econ” shows a similar pattern of steady decline toward low survival probability by the end of the time span.Kaplan–Meier: macroeconomic level. Source(s): Authors’ own work