Figure 4
The grouped bar graph titled “Global Credit Regimes: Regional Heterogeneity (1995 to 2024)” shows Mean L L B across regions and decades, with the subtitle “Positive equals Supply-Enhancing vertical bar Negative equals Inflationary”. The vertical axis is labeled “Mean L L B” and ranges from negative 20 to 10 in increments of 10. The horizontal axis is labeled “Decade” and ranges from 1990 to 2020 in increments of 10 years. At the bottom, the legend includes the entries “North America” shown in green, “West Europe” shown in orange, “East Europe” shown in blue, “Asia-Pacific” shown in dark red, “MENA” shown in light teal, “Lat A m” shown in brown, and “Sub-Saharan” shown in light orange. For “North America”, the green bars begin near negative 8 in 1990, rise to around negative 2 in 2000, drop sharply to negative 15 in 2010, and recover slightly to end at negative 3 in 2020. For “West Europe”, the orange bars are around 6 in 1990, increase to about 7 in 2000, remain near 6 in 2010, and decline to end at negative 7 in 2020. For “East Europe”, the blue bars start near negative 2 in 1990, move slightly above zero around 2000, decrease to about negative 4 in 2010, and remain near the end at negative 1 in 2020. For Asia-Pacific”, the dark red bars start at around 4 in 1990, near 1 in 2000, slightly below zero around 2010, and remain slightly to end at negative 2 in 2020. For “MENA”, the light teal bars start at near zero in 1990, rise to 8 in 2000, drop steeply to negative 18 in 2010, and recover to end at negative 13 in 2020. For “Lat A m”, the brown bars begin near negative 4 in 1990, increase to 3 in 2000, decline to negative 12 in 2010, and improve to end at negative 8.5 in 2020. For “Sub-Saharan”, the light orange bars start near negative 3 in 1990, rise to 3 in 2000, fall to negative 3 in 2010, and increase slightly to end at 1 in 2020. Note: All numerical data values are approximated.Global credit regimes: regional heterogeneity in the LRAS-leaning barometer, 1995–2024. Notes: Bars show decade averages of the LRAS-leaning barometer by region. Regions are: North America, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Latin America, and Sub-Saharan Africa. The dashed horizontal line marks the neutral threshold (LLB = 0)