Figure 6
The framework diagram is organized into three stacked horizontal sections connected by downward arrows, with a vertical arrow on the far right labeled “Local Interactions” at the top and “Complex Adaptive Behaviour” at the bottom. Construct 1: Risk types in R L and C L S C The top section shows a circular flow of supply chain entities arranged clockwise: “(Re)Manufacturers”, “Distribution Centers”, “Customers”, “Collection Centers”, “Disassembly or Inspection Centers”, and “Recycling Centers”. An arrow from “Disassembly or Inspection Centers” points leftward to “Disposal”, and an arrow from “Suppliers” points rightward to “(Re)Manufacturers”. At the center is a triangular radar chart with three axes labeled “Probability” at the top, “Impact” at the lower right, and “Manageability” at the lower left. Inside the triangle, three nested regions are labeled “Low”, “Medium”, and “High”. This section connects rightward to a box that includes “Interdependence”, “Topology sensitivity”, and “Nonlinear amplification”. Construct 2: Mitigation strategies in different risk management stages The middle section presents three parallel strategy paths. “Proactive strategy” leads to “Ability to anticipate” via “Pre-risk”. Arrows from “Ability to anticipate” points downward to “Robustness”, “Situation awareness”, “Increasing visibility”, “Knowledge management (Pre-risk)”, and “Building security”. “Concurrent strategy” leads downward to “Ability to adapt” and “Ability to respond“ via ”During-risk“. Arrows from “Concurrent strategy” point downward to “Building redundancy” and “Increasing flexibility”. Arrows from “Ability to respond” point downward to “Collaboration” and “Agility”. “Reactive strategy” leads to “Ability to recover” and “Ability to learn” via ”Post-risk“. An arrow from “Ability to recover” leads downward to “Contingency planning”. An arrow from “Ability to learn” leads downward to “Knowledge management (Post-risk)”. This section connects rightward to a box that includes “Anticipatory design”, “Self-organisation”, and “Adaptive learning”. Construct 3: Mitigation development approaches The bottom section shows two approaches. “Qualitative approach” includes “Survey, Interview, Observational study, Theoretical framework development, etcetera”. “Quantitative approach” branches into “Model-based (Parametric approach)”, including “Optimisation, Game theory, Simulation, Hybrid, Others”, and “Data-driven (Non-parametric approach)”. This section connects rightward to a box that includes “Dynamic adaptation” and “Emergence”. The boxes on the right are positioned along the vertical arrow.Conceptual framework. Source(s): Authors’ own work