Figure 7
The flowchart is organized into four vertical columns at the top that converge into a fifth level at the bottom. The first column on the left shows a box labeled “Level 1 Foundation”. A downward arrow from this leads to “Risk Identification and Classification Systems”. Below, a box reads “O B J: Clarify risks in R L or C L S C contexts; foundational to subsequent analysis”, with an upward arrow pointing back to the box above. A curved arrow labeled “Feeds into” connects Level 1 to Level 2. The second column shows a box labeled “Level 2 Complex Systems Theoretical Analysis”. A downward arrow leads to “Investigation of Risk Interdependencies Using Complex Systems and Network Analysis”. Below, a box reads “O B J: Understand systemic interactions and ripple effects among identified risks”, with an upward arrow pointing to the box above. A curved arrow labeled “Guides Development of Mitigation Approaches” connects Level 2 to Level 3. The third column shows a box labeled “Level 3 Strategic and Operational Mitigation”. A downward split leads to two boxes: “Concurrent Mitigation Strategies” on the left, and “Real-time, Concurrent, and Reactive Resilience Strategies” on the right. Below them are two objective boxes: “O B J: Mitigation during disruptions” on the left and “O B J: Holistic integration of real-time sensing, concurrent management, and reactive recovery” on the right, each with upward arrows pointing to their respective boxes. The fourth column shows a box labeled “Level 4 Data-Driven Enhancements”. A downward split leads to “Exploration of New Data Sources for Resilience Enhancement” on the left, and “Application and Development of Data-Driven Methods” on the right. Below are objective boxes: “O B J: Innovative sources, I o T sensors, blockchain data, cloud platforms” on the left, and “O B J: A I, M L, digital twins tailored specifically for R L or C L S C” on the right, each with upward arrows pointing to the boxes above. A curved arrow labeled “Supported by Data Innovations” loops from Level 4 toward Level 3. At the bottom, a wide section shows a box labeled “Level 5 Empirical Validation and Contextualisation”. This section receives inputs from all four upper levels. A downward arrow from the top box leads to “Cross-Sectoral Comparative Studies for Generalisable and Contextual Insights”. Below, a final box reads “O B J: Clarify risks in R L or C L S C contexts; foundational to subsequent analysis”, with an upward arrow pointing to the box above.A conceptual framework for advancing research on resilience in RL/CLSC. Source(s): Authors’ own work