Figure 1
The timeline is split into two columns labeled “New Zealand” (left) and “Australia” (right), tracking legislative progress from 2004 to 2024. The column in the middle represents a timeline of years, from 2004 to 2024. The “New Zealand” column, running bottom to top, shows four events: “Establish the advisory group for the modern slavery legislation implementation” (2021), “Public consultation-Submission 1” (2022), “Draft legislation passed” (2023), and “Dissolve the advisory group, and the implementation of the Act halted” (2024). The “Australia” column, also running bottom to top, shows five events: “The government explores a strategy to combat human trafficking and slavery, initiated as a replacement for the existing Criminal Code Act 1995” (2004), “Public consultations-Submission 1” (2017), “Modern Slavery Act passed” (2018), “The Modern Slavery Act became effective” (2019), and “Statutory Review of the Act-Submission 2” (2023).Efforts towards model slavery legislation in Australia and NZ. Source: Authors’ own work