Figure 2
The flowchart shows four vertical stage labels on the left arranged from top to bottom and labeled “Identification”, “Screening”, “Eligibility”, and “Included”. In the Identification stage, a text box reads “Records identified from asterisk: Databases (n equals 106,064) Scopus (n equals 7,387) ScienceDirect (n equals 55,216) Web of Science (n equals 3,961) Google Scholar (n equals 39,500)”. A rightwards arrow extends from this text box and leads to another text box labeled “Records removed before title, keyword, and abstract screening: Duplicate records removed (n equals 48) Records removed for other reasons (n equals 88,154)”. A downward arrow leads from “Records identified from asterisk” to “Records screened using title, keyword, and abstract (n equals 17,862)” in the Screening stage. In the Screening stage, a rightwards arrow from “Records screened using title, keyword, and abstract (n equals 17,862)” leads to a text box labeled “Records excluded (n equals 17,772)”. A downward arrow leads from “Records screened using title, keyword, and abstract (n equals 17,862)” to “Reports sought for retrieval (n equals 90)”. A rightwards arrow from “Reports sought for retrieval (n equals 90)” leads to a box labeled “Reports not retrieved (n equals 0)”. A downward arrow leads extends from this text box to “Reports assessed for full-text eligibility (n equals 85)” in the Eligibility stage. In the Eligibility stage, a rightwards arrow from “Reports assessed for full-text eligibility (n equals 85)” leads to a text box labeled “Reports excluded: Reason: Study purpose not aligned with review objectives (n equals 18)”. Similarly, a downward arrow leads from “Reports assessed for full-text eligibility (n equals 85)” to the Included stage. In the Included stage, a text box reads “Studies included in review (n equals 67)”.PRISMA flow chart: the literature search. Source: Authors’ own work