Figure 1
The vertical bar chart titled “International Business and/or Management papers operationalizing Institutional Distance” shows a horizontal axis representing years ranging from 2004 to 2024 in increments of one year. The vertical axis represents the “Number of papers” and ranges from 0 to 40 in increments of 5 units. The chart includes vertical bars and a dotted line. The legend at the bottom shows that the bars represent “Unidimensional” and “Multi-dimensional”, while the dotted line represents the trend of total papers. The data for the bars on the graph are as follows: 2004: Unidimensional: 1; Multi-dimensional: 1. 2005: Unidimensional: 0; Multi-dimensional: 0. 2006: Unidimensional: 0; Multi-dimensional: 0. 2007: Unidimensional: 0; Multi-dimensional: 0. 2008: Unidimensional: 0; Multi-dimensional: 0. 2009: Unidimensional: 1; Multi-dimensional: 2. 2010: Unidimensional: 2; Multi-dimensional: 2. 2011: Unidimensional: 1; Multi-dimensional: 6. 2012: Unidimensional: 2; Multi-dimensional: 5. 2013: Unidimensional: 5; Multi-dimensional: 0. 2014: Unidimensional: 9; Multi-dimensional: 6. 2015: Unidimensional: 12; Multi-dimensional: 2. 2016: Unidimensional: 8; Multi-dimensional: 5. 2017: Unidimensional: 14; Multi-dimensional: 6. 2018: Unidimensional: 14; Multi-dimensional: 4. 2019: Unidimensional: 9; Multi-dimensional: 3. 2020: Unidimensional:14; Multi-dimensional: 3. 2021: Unidimensional: 18; Multi-dimensional: 6. 2022: Unidimensional: 14; Multi-dimensional: 4. 2023: Unidimensional: 16; Multi-dimensional: 4. 2024: Unidimensional: 31; Multi-dimensional: 6. A dotted upward trend line begins at (2005, 0) and ends at (2024, 28). Note: All numerical data values are approximated.Number of papers in IB/M journals operationalizing institutional distance over time; separated by type of operationalization. Source: Created by author