Figure 4
The diagram shows three blocks representing three sequential training concepts for Industry 5.0 plotted on a graph with the horizontal axis labeled “Timeline” and the vertical axis labeled “Industry 5.0 Knowledge Gain.” Each training block is stacked slightly higher than the previous one, indicating progressive knowledge gain along the vertical axis. The first block on the left is labeled “Training Concept: Industry 5.0 Maturity Model.” This block contains a large rectangle with two horizontal and one vertical segment. The top left horizontal segment is labeled “Theory” and contains three text boxes labeled “Industry 4.0 concepts and models,” “Maturity models (IMPULS),” and “Industry 5.0 assessment.” A downward arrow points to the bottom left horizontal segment labeled “Application,” which contains two text boxes labeled “Industrial case assessment” and “Identification of Industry 5.0 improvement areas.” A right-pointing arrow from “Theory” points to the vertical segment labeled “Sustainable and human centric” on top and “Resilient and valuable” on the bottom. “Sustainable and human centric” includes “Strategy and organisation” and “People and skills.” “Resilient and valuable” includes “Smart factory,” “Smart operations,” “Smart products,” and “Data driven services.” An “X” inside a circle appears between the sustainable and resilient sections. A left-pointing arrow from this segment points to “Application.” A right-pointing arrow from the vertical segment of the first block points to the second block labeled “Training Concept: Industry 5.0 Technologies.” This block contains a large rectangle with two horizontal and one vertical segment. The top left horizontal segment is labeled “Theory” and contains two text boxes labeled “Industry 5.0 technologies and industrial applications” and “Data analytics as core.” A downward arrow points to the bottom left horizontal segment labeled “Application” and contains two text boxes labeled “Industry 5.0 roadmap proposal for an industrial case” and “Industry 5.0 Technology selection for an industrial case.” A right-pointing arrow from “Theory” points to the vertical segment labeled “Sustainable and human centric” on top and “Resilient and valuable” on the bottom. “Sustainable and human centric” includes “Strategy and organisation” and “People and skills.” “Resilient and valuable” includes “Smart factory,” “Smart operations,” “Smart products,” and “Data driven services.” An “X” inside a circle appears between the sustainable and resilient sections. A left-pointing arrow from this segment points to “Application.” A right-pointing arrow from the vertical segment of the second block points to the third block labeled “Training Concept: Industry 5.0 Architectural Design.” This block contains a large rectangle with two horizontal and one vertical segment. The top left horizontal segment is labeled “Theory” and contains two text boxes labeled “Architecture of cyber-physical systems (C P S)” and “Network architecture.” A downward arrow points to the bottom left horizontal segment labeled “Application,” which contains a large text box labeled “Industry 5.0 architectural proposal for an industrial case.” A right-pointing arrow from “Theory” points to the vertical segment labeled “Sustainable and human centric” on top and “Resilient and valuable” on the bottom. “Sustainable and human centric” includes “Strategy and organisation” and “People and skills.” “Resilient and valuable” includes “Smart factory,” “Smart operations,” “Smart products,” and “Data driven services.” An “X” inside a circle appears between the sustainable and resilient sections. A left-pointing arrow from this segment points to “Application.”Digital enterprises course structure. Source: Adapted from Büth et al. (2018)