Figure 1
The framework begins with two ovals arranged vertically on the left: the top-left oval labeled “Group Culture” and the bottom-left oval labeled “Development Culture”. Two ovals are placed in the center: the top-center oval labeled “Internal Collaboration,” and the bottom-center oval labeled “External Collaboration”. An oval 5 is placed on the far right, labeled “Differentiation-based Competitive Advantage”. The hypothesis labeled “H 1” links “Group Culture” to “Differentiation-based Competitive Advantage” through “Internal Collaboration”. The hypothesis labeled “H 2” links “Development Culture” to “Differentiation-based Competitive Advantage” through “Internal Collaboration”. The hypothesis labeled “H 3” connects “Group Culture” to “External Collaboration” through “Internal Collaboration”. The hypothesis labeled “H 4” connects “Development Culture” to “External Collaboration” through “Internal Collaboration”. The hypothesis labeled “H 5” connects “Group Culture” to “Differentiation-based Competitive Advantage” through “External Collaboration”. The hypothesis labeled “H 6” connects “Development Culture” to “Differentiation-based Competitive Advantage” through “External Collaboration”. The hypothesis labeled “H 7” begins from “Group Culture,” passing through “Internal Collaboration,” and then “External Collaboration,” and then connected to “Differentiation-based Competitive Advantage”. The hypothesis labeled “H 8” begins from “Development Culture,” passing through “Internal Collaboration,” and then “External Collaboration,” and then connected to “Differentiation-based Competitive Advantage”. “Group Culture,” “Development Culture,” “Internal Collaboration,” and “External Collaboration” are collectively enclosed in a dashed rectangle labeled “Organisational Culture Theory”. “Internal Collaboration,” “External Collaboration,” and “Differentiation-based Competitive Advantage” are collectively enclosed in a dashed rectangle labeled “Relational View Theory”.Conceptual framework. Source: Authors' own work