Figure 1
The conceptual model shows oval nodes connected by directional arrows labeled with hypotheses. At the top center, an oval labeled “E O” is positioned. From “E O”, an arrow labeled “H 1” extends diagonally toward the rightmost oval labeled “E S”. A second downward arrow labeled “H 2” points from “E O” to a central oval labeled “P W B”. At the bottom left, an oval labeled “W F F” is positioned. From “W F F”, an arrow labeled “H 3” points directly to “E S”. Another upward diagonal arrow labeled “H 4” points from “W F F” to “P W B”. Slightly above “W F F” and left of center, an oval labeled “E E” is positioned. From “E E”, an arrow labeled “H 5” points toward “E S”. Another upward arrow labeled “H 6” points from “E E” to “P W B”. From the central oval “P W B”, a rightward arrow labeled “H 7” points to “E S”.Research model