Figure 1
The flowchart depicts four research phases with specific focuses: Phase 1 highlights informant-centered first order concepts with the reasoning type noted as induction. Phase 2 is theory-centered and features second order themes, accompanied by abduction defined as systematic combining related to data and theory. Phase 3 also maintains a theory-centered structure, illustrating aggregate dimensions, again using abduction for systematic combining. Phase 4 integrates both informant and theory-centered elements, emphasizing saturation, validation, and audit trail while referencing the same abduction process. Arrows indicate the flow between phases and concepts. Overall, the diagram visually represents the iterative nature of qualitative research along with its theoretical underpinnings.Gioia’s method
Source: Authors’ own work