Figure 1
The flowchart shows four vertical text boxes representing four stages, arranged in a vertical series on the left. From top to bottom, these are labeled “Identification”, “Screening”, “Eligibility”, and “Included”. In the “Identification” stage, a text box reads “Initial records (N equals 7842): Scopus (n equals 3983), Web of Science (n equals 2513), and Library Science Database (n equals 1346)”. A right-pointing arrow from this box leads to another box labeled “Records removed before screening (n equals 3838): Duplicate records within each keyword removed (n equals 2843), and Duplicate records across keywords additionally removed (n equals 995)”. A downward-pointing arrow leads from “Initial records (N equals 7842)” to a text box in the “Screening” stage labeled “Records screened (n equals 4004)”. A right-pointing arrow from this box leads to a text box in the same stage labeled “Records excluded (n equals 38): Non-English literature (n equals 19), and Unsuitable document types (Book reviews, posters, editorial notes) (n equals 19)”. A downward-pointing arrow from “Records screened (n equals 4004)” leads to the “Eligibility” stage, where a text box reads “Records assessed for eligibility (n equals 3966)”. A right-pointing arrow leads from this text box to another text box in the same stage labeled “Records excluded (n equals 3348): Irrelevant literature (n equals 3344), Retracted (n equals 1), and Full-text not found (n equals 3)”. A final downward-pointing arrow leads from “Records assessed for eligibility (n equals 3966)” to the “Included” stage, where a text box reads “Studies included in review (n equals 618)”.Data collection process. Source: Author’s own work