Figure 9
The vertical axis is labeled “Percentage Improvements in Accuracy” and ranges from 0.00 percent to 18.00 percent, in increments of 2.00 percent. The horizontal axis is labeled “D I Models” and lists categories: “C N N-B R S”, “Bays-C N N”, “C N N-W R S”, “Cybernet”. At the top the legend includes two entries: “C I C-D D o S 2019 C N N-L S T M”, shows blue bars, and “S D N-D D o S 2025 C N N-L S T M”, shows orange bars. The numerical values are written at the top of each bar. The data for the bars are as follows: C N N-B R S: C I C-D D o S 2019 C N N-L S T M: 0 percent; S D N-D D o S 2025 C N N-L S T M: 6.69 percent. Bays-C N N: C I C-D D o S 2019 C N N-L S T M: 0.08 percent; S D N-D D o S 2025 C N N-L S T M: 11.04 percent. C N N-W R S: C I C-D D o S 2019 C N N-L S T M: 4.41 percent; S D N-D D o S 2025 C N N-L S T M: 16.69 percent. Cybernet: C I C-D D o S 2019 C N N-L S T M: negative 0.01 percent; S D N-D D o S 2025 C N N-L S T M: 5.24 percent.Improvements in the detection accuracy of the proposed CNN-LSTM hybrid model relative to benchmarks on CIC-DDoS2019 and SDN-DDoS2025 datasets. Source: Created by the authors