Figure 2
A path model shows mechanisms affecting Privacy concerns, barrier types, Self-efficacy, and Resistance to S H M S.On the far left, three dashed boxes group the mechanisms. The top box titled “Structural mechanisms” contains “Accountability” and “Responsibility”. Arrows from these constructs point rightward to “Privacy concerns” with coefficients “ 0.093 n.s” from “Accountability” and “0.011 n.s” from “Responsibility”. The middle dashed box titled “Procedural mechanisms” contains “Legislative protection”, “Cultural and religious differences”, and “Traceability”. Their arrows point to “Privacy concerns” with coefficients “negative 0.211 triple asterisk”, “ 0.215 triple asterisk”, and “negative 0.085 n.s”, respectively. The bottom dashed box titled “Relational mechanisms” contains “Transparency” and “Trust”. Their arrows point to “Privacy concerns” with coefficients “0.188 double asterisk” from “Transparency” and “negative 0.201 triple asterisk” from “Trust”. At the center, the rectangle “Privacy concerns” displays “R-squared equals 0.235”. Three arrows extend rightward to the barrier constructs. The path to “Usage barriers” is labeled “0.248 triple asterisk” and the box shows “R-squared equals 0.062”. The path to “Complexity barriers” is labeled “0.144 double asterisk” and the box shows “R-squared equals 0.021”. The path to “Value barriers” is labeled “0.300 triple asterisk” and the box shows “R-squared equals 0.090”. From the barrier constructs, arrows extend to the outcome “Resistance to S H M S”, which displays “R-squared equals 0.475”. The path from “Usage barriers” is labeled “0.165 double asterisk”. The path from “Complexity barriers” is labeled “0.168 single asterisk”. The path from “Value barriers” is labeled “0.437 triple asterisk”. At the upper right, the rectangle “Self-efficacy” connects to the three barrier-to-resistance paths, indicating moderation. The corresponding coefficients are “negative 0.036 n.s”, “negative 0.057 n.s”, and “0.194 double asterisk”, respectively. At the bottom right, a note reads “Control variables: age, gender, education, and personal innovativeness”.

Structural model results. Note(s): *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01 and ***p < 0.001. Source(s): Authors' own work

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