Figure 1
The flow diagram is arranged from top to bottom with rectangular boxes connected by arrows. On the far left, three vertically oriented labels read “Identification”, “Screening”, and “Included”. At the top center, a box reads “Step 1: Records identified from Scopus on January 1, 2025 (n equals 4970)”. A rightward arrow points to a box reading “Records removed before screening: Duplicate records removed (n equals 28)”. A downward arrow points to a second box. The second box reads “Step 2: Records screened (n equals 4942)”. A rightward arrow points to a box reading “Records excluded: a) No relation to either gamification or marketing (n equals 378); b) Only related to gamification or marketing (n equals 3610); c) No relation to marketing performance defined in this study (n equals 772)”. A downward arrow points to a third box. The third box reads “Step 3: Papers assessed for eligibility (n equals 182)”. A rightward arrow points to a box reading “Papers excluded: Literature review (n equals 19); Not full paper (research plans, n equals 3); No access (n equals 15)”. A downward arrow points to a fourth box. The fourth box reads “Step 4: Forward and backward search were conducted (n equals 145)”. A rightward arrow points to a box reading “Records included: Forward and backward search (n equals 4)”. A downward arrow points to a final box. The final box reads “Studies included in review (n equals 149)”. The first box is under “Identification”. The second, third, and fourth boxes are under “Screening”. The final box is under “Included”.Literature review process. Source(s): Authors' own work