Figure 3
The visualization is a dense network graph of interconnected keywords, where nodes vary in size and are grouped into color-coded clusters. Larger nodes represent more prominent terms, including “sustainable development”, “construction industry”, “sustainability”, “green buildings”, “green building”, and “project management”, positioned near the center. Surrounding these are multiple clusters: a green cluster on the left includes terms such as “barriers”, “stakeholder”, “questionnaire survey”, “developing countries”, and “literature review”; a red cluster on the right includes “architectural design”, “energy conservation”, “thermal comfort”, “indoor air pollution”, and “ventilation”; a blue cluster toward the lower center includes “green building”, “sustainable architecture”, “government policy”, and “stakeholders”; a yellow and orange cluster near the top center includes “green construction”, “green building projects”, “sustainable practices”, and “green manufacturing”; and a purple cluster on the upper right includes “building materials”, “compressive strength”, and “reinforced concrete”. Numerous thin connecting lines link the nodes, indicating relationships or co-occurrences between keywords. The structure forms a clustered web centered on sustainability and construction-related themes, with denser connections near the middle and more specialized topics radiating outward.Co-occurrences of keywords (stage 1). Source: Authors’ own work based on VOS viewer