Figure 2
The framework shows a horizontal axis labeled “Boundary-spanning” that is labeled from left to right as “None”, “Shared language and codes”, “Shared technical knowledge”, “Shared values”, and “High”. The vertical axis labeled “Shared responsibility” runs from bottom to top as “None”, “Power”, “Privilege”, “Individual action on problem solving”, “Collective action on problem solving”, and “High”. A legend on the right indicates that some text represents “Downstream”, while other text represents “Upstream”. Four textboxes are distributed across the plot. The first textbox labeled “Internal optimisation” is located toward the middle-left of the graph in the region of boundary spanning as “None”, and shared responsibility as “Individual action on problem solving”. It includes the downstream text “Development of low-carbon products” and “Increase circularity of products or packaging”. The second textbox labeled “Control of compliance” is placed in the region of boundary spanning as “Shared language and codes”, and shared responsibility as “Privilege” and “Power”. It includes downstream text “Request for target adoption” and “Financial Incentives”, and upstream text “Performance measurement”, “Information collection”, “Auditing”, “Request for certifications”, “Request for target adoption”, and “Adoption of a code of conduct”. The third textbox labeled “Exchange” is placed in the region of boundary spanning as “Shared technical knowledge”, and shared responsibility as “Individual action on problem solving”. It includes downstream text as “Conduction of workshops”, and the upstream text as “Conduction of workshops”, and “Personalised consultancy”. The fourth textbox labeled “Co-creation” is located toward the upper-right region of the graph in the region of boundary spanning as “Shared values”, and shared responsibility as “Collective action on problem solving”. It includes downstream text “Development of experimental projects”, and upstream text “Development of experimental projects”.Categorisation of Scope 3 emissions management practices. Source: Authors