Figure 6.
The diagram shows Lean and Sustainability Impacts at the centre with three connected categories: Environment, Economic, and Social. The Environment list includes reduced consumption of energy, water, and resources; reduced pollution and waste; reduced hazardous substances; recycling and reuse; carbon reduction; ecological preservation; and improved energy efficiency. The Economic list includes operational efficiency, quality improvement, customer satisfaction, material flow improvement, cost saving, profitability, productivity, reduced lead time, competitiveness, value creation, and continuous improvement. The Social list includes improved worker health and safety, greater employee involvement, reduced workload, better work-life balance, increased worker efficiency, improved ergonomics, better working conditions, organisational commitment, and improved training. Each category groups specific impacts linked to lean and sustainability practices.Lean and sustainability pillars: impact categories
Source: Authors’ own work