Figure 3.
The three-circle Venn diagram presents Transformative Pedagogies and Learning, Action-Based-Learning, and Sensory-based learning. The left circle lists studies included Ahmad et al. 2023; Avsec et al. 2022; Esmail and Matthews-Roper 2022; Gal 2023; Mabry 2011. It lists examples for practice designs, including activist meetings, case studies, corporate visits, debates, drawings, fieldwork, film watching, group discussions, observations, outdoor teaching, photography, reflection journals, reflective writing, role plays, and songwriting. The right circle lists studies included Castilla-Polo et al. 2022; Singh 2012; Tomasella et al. 2022. It lists examples, including action research, community of practice, debates, fieldwork, and flipped classroom formulation of action plans for real sustainability problems. The bottom circle lists studies included Albert and Chen 2023; Hurtado-Soler et al. 2020. It lists examples, including abstract quotation mark emotional quotation mark drawings; analysis of environmental issues; environmental sensing; evaluating natural sounds; field visits; multidimensional artworks; virtual reality scenarios. The overlapping areas are labelled Fieldwork and Debates at the top centre, Creative work and Fieldwork at the lower left overlap, and Fieldwork at the lower right overlap.Venn diagram with contents of the ESD-CE practice designs
Source: Authors’ own work