Figure 5
The thematic evolution diagram connecting research themes across two time periods labeled at the top as “2017-2023” on the left and “2024-2024” on the right. Each period contains vertical bars representing thematic clusters, and horizontal flows connect the themes between the two periods. On the left side under “2017-2023”, four vertical thematic bars appear from top to bottom labeled “challenges”, “impact”, “management”, and “risk”. On the right side under “2024-2024”, three vertical thematic bars appear labeled “sustainability”, “management”, and “risk”. Curved flow bands connect themes between the two periods. The theme “challenges” from the earlier period flows strongly toward “sustainability” in the later period. The theme “impact” connects partially toward both “sustainability” and “management”. The theme “management” flows toward “management” and also contributes to “risk”. The theme “risk” from the earlier period continues toward the “risk” theme in the later period.Thematic maps evolution. Source: Authors’ elaboration based on Bibliometrix software