Figure 1
The image shows two frameworks presented within a single figure. The left framework contains six oval shapes, with four ovals arranged horizontally on the left and two ovals arranged vertically on the right, separated by a dashed boundary. From left to right, the four horizontally arranged ovals are labeled “Quality”, “Delivery”, “Flexibility”, and “Cost efficiency”, and each is connected sequentially by rightward arrows from “Quality” to “Delivery”, from “Delivery” to “Flexibility”, and from “Flexibility” to “Cost efficiency”. To the right of “Cost efficiency”, two vertically stacked ovals are shown and labeled “Social sustainability” at the top and “Ecological sustainability” at the bottom, enclosed within a dashed boundary. Below the dashed boundary enclosing the four horizontal ovals, text reads “Traditional operations capabilities representing economic priorities”, and beneath this text appears “Based on Schroeder et al. (2011) and Gold et al. (2017)”. Below the dashed boundary enclosing the two vertical ovals, text reads “Social-ecological sustainability capabilities representing social-ecological priorities”. Above the left framework, a dashed text box is shown containing the text “Contingency factor: H I L F disruption asterisk between 2019 (pre-H I L F) and 2023 or 2024 (post-H I L F) Combination of: (1) environmental uncertainty (2) internal resource constraints”, followed by the note “(asterisk not measured but validated with archival indicators, G S C P I)”. To the right of this dashed text box, hypothesis text reads “H 1 a, b Effect of adherence to Sand Cone sequence (pre-H I L F): H 1 a: Lower risk of trade-offs between traditional operations and sustainability capabilities H 1 b: Higher likelihood of maintaining or improving sustainability capabilities”. On the right side of the figure, the second framework contains an oval labeled “Network Capabilities” positioned on the left, with five vertically arranged ovals to its right labeled from top to bottom as “Agility”, “S C reeng. or design”, “Visibility”, “Risk mgt. culture”, and “Collaboration”. Five outward arrows connect each of these five ovals to the central oval labeled “Network Capabilities”. This right framework is enclosed within a dashed boundary, and text below it reads “Based on Christopher and Peck (2004)”. A dashed leftward arrow emerges from the right framework and points toward the left framework, and below this arrow, text reads “H 2 a, b Effect of high network capabilities (pre-H I L F): H 2 a: Lower risk of trade-offs between traditional operations and sustainability capabilities H 2 b: Higher likelihood of maintaining or improving sustainability capabilities”.Conceptualisation of cumulative capability model tested with PLS-SEM and sequential testing. Source: Authors' own elaboration