Figure 3
The image shows a large three-dimensional pyramid and a smaller pyramid, both with labeled edges, internal text, and arrows. The large pyramid labeled “Extension of the traditional sand cone model within operations management”, with the left edge labeled “Financial firm performance dimensions”, the right edge labeled “Social firm performance dimensions”, and the back edge labeled “Ecological firm performance dimensions”. Inside the large pyramid, labels appear from bottom to top as “Quality”, “Delivery”, “Flexibility”, “Cost efficiency”, and “(Social-ecological) Sustainability”, each connected by upward arrows. Along the left face of the large pyramid, an upward diagonal arrow is labeled “Internal operations capabilities”. Below the large pyramid, underlined text reads “Extension of the traditional sand cone model within operations management”. On the right side of the image, a smaller pyramid is shown and is labeled below with underlined text “The inner core with cumulative network capabilities”. Inside this smaller pyramid, text appears from bottom to top as “Collaboration”, “Risk Mgmt. cult.”, “Visibility”, “S C Reeng.”, and “Agility”, connected by upward arrows. Along the left side of the smaller pyramid, an upward diagonal arrow is labeled “External network capabilities”. A dashed leftward arrow emerges from “External network capabilities” and points to the front face of the large pyramid.Extending the traditional sand cone to a multi-dimensional supply chain sand cone model. Source: Authors' own elaboration