Figure 1
The figure is divided into two sections. The upper section is labeled “Ultimate supply chain,” and starts with five horizontally arranged boxes labeled “Ultimate supplier,” “Supplier,” “Organisation,” “Customer,” and “Ultimate customer.” All the boxes are connected by horizontal two-way arrows. Between “Ultimate supplier” and “Supplier,” a magnifying glass is shown, which points downward to the bottom section through a dotted downward arrow. A right arrow from “Ultimate supplier” points inside the magnifying glass, and a leftward arrow from the “Supplier” points inside the magnifying glass. The horizontal dots are shown between the two arrows. A box labeled “Third party logistics supplier” is placed above and between “Organisation” and “Customer,” and connects to both by two-way arrows. A box labeled “Financial provider” is placed below and between “Supplier” and “Organisation,” and connects to both by two-way arrows. A box labeled “Market research firm” is placed below “Customer” and connects to “Organisation” and “Ultimate customer” by two-way arrows. A dotted arrow links the “Ultimate supply chain” above to the “Transport chain” below. A dotted arrow also passes through “Financial provider” to “Destination 1.” The lower section, labeled “Transport chain,” includes three origins (“Origin 1,” “Origin 2,” “Origin 3”) each linked by rightward arrows to intermediate rectangles (“Terminal 1,” “Terminal 2,” “Terminal 3”), which are in turn connected by rightward arrows to three destinations (“Destination 1,” “Destination 2,” “Destination 3”). A truck leads from “Origin 1” to “Terminal 1,” followed by a ship to “Terminal 3.” Another truck leads from “Terminal 3“ to “Destination 1.” A train leads from “Origin 2” to “Terminal 2,” followed by a train to “Terminal 3.” Another truck leads from “Terminal 3” to “Destination 2.” A ship leads from “Terminal 1” from above to “Terminal 2.” A truck leads straight from “Origin 3” to “Destination 3.” A large horizontal two-way arrow is shown as the background of the bottom section.Transport chain and ultimate supply chain. Adapted from Mentzer et al. (2001), Bhattacharya et al. (2014)