Figure 3
The path diagram shows five latent variables as circular nodes labeled “T C”, “C C”, “S C”, “W M”, and “W E”. The nodes “T C”, “C C”, and “S C” appear vertically on the left. The node “W M” appears on the upper right with inner value “0.378”, and the node “W E” appears on the lower right with inner value “0.687”. Four arrows from “T C” point leftward to four rectangles labeled from top to bottom as follows: “T C 1”, “T C 2”, “T C 3”, and “T C 4”. These arrows are labeled “48.486”, “27.705”, “60.172”, and “41.013”, respectively. A right-pointing arrow labeled “0.128 (0.011)” leads from “T C” to “W M”. Another right-pointing arrow labeled “0.135 (0.001)” leads from “T C” to “W E”. Four arrows from “C C” point leftward to four rectangles labeled from top to bottom as follows: “C C 2”, “C C 3”, “C C 4”, and “C C 5”. These arrows are labeled “48.644”, “39.409”, “54.850”, and “29.583”, respectively. A right-pointing arrow labeled “0.282 (0.000)” leads from “C C” to “W M”. Another right-pointing arrow labeled “0.084 (0.039)” leads from “C C” to “W E”. Four arrows from “S C” point leftward to four rectangles labeled from top to bottom as follows: “S C 1”, “S C 2”, “S C 3”, and “S C 5”. These arrows are labeled “38.823”, “26.577”, “27.775”, and “37.721”, respectively. A right-pointing arrow labeled “0.284 (0.000)” leads from “S C” to “W M”. Another right-pointing arrow labeled “negative 0.006 (0.448)” leads from “S C” to “W E”. Multiple arrows extend outward from “W M” to rectangles labeled “W M L 1”, “W M L 10”, “W M L 11”, “W M L 13”, “W M L 14”, “W M L 2”, “W M L 21”, “W M L 23”, “W M L 26”, “W M L 3”, “W M L 5”, “W M L 6”, “W M L 7”, “W M L 8”, and “W M L 9”. These arrows are labeled “37.880”, “37.937”, “27.327”, “38.415”, “39.855”, “25.467”, “31.011”, “33.247”, “26.380”, “37.816”, “27.416”, “33.575”, “31.652”, “30.942”, and “29.981”, respectively. Multiple arrows extend outward from “W E” to rectangles labeled “W E 1”, “W E 10”, “W E 11”, “W E 12”, “W E 16”, “W E 17”, “W E 2”, “W E 3”, “W E 4”, “W E 5”, “W E 7”, “W E 8”, and “W E 8”. These arrows are labeled “41.572”, “29.179”, “29.703”, “31.636”, “50.623”, “42.088”, “38.880”, “26.040”, “54.717”, “49.997”, “39.142”, “36.971”, and “36.090”, respectively. A downward-pointing arrow labeled “0.704 (0.000)” connects “W M” to “W E”.Path model. Source: Processed by the authors using SmartPLS 4