Figure 5.
Temperature features of the QC girder: distribution of the maximum temperature difference for (a) the soffit, (b) the deck chord, (c) the concrete deck and (d) the bottom chord  Refer to the image caption for details.The image presents four histograms arranged in two rows and two columns, labelled A, B, C, and D, each showing the distribution of temperature difference values. In panel A, frequency decreases steadily as the temperature difference increases from near 0 to about 2.6 degrees. In panel B, most values cluster very close to 0 degrees, with frequency dropping sharply before 1 degree. In panel C, the distribution peaks around 1 to 2 degrees and extends with a long tail up to about 10 degrees. In panel D, values are concentrated below 1 degree, with a rapidly decreasing tail approaching 5 degrees. The vertical axis in all panels shows frequency scaled by 10 to the power of 6.

Temperature features of the QC girder: distribution of the maximum temperature difference for (a) the soffit, (b) the deck chord, (c) the concrete deck and (d) the bottom chord

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