Figure 6
The horizontal axis is labeled “Relevance degree (Centrality)”. The vertical axis is labeled “Development degree (Density)”. A dashed horizontal and vertical line divides the map into four quadrants. The upper left quadrant is labeled “Niche Themes”. In this quadrant, the light pink cluster labeled “image recognition”, “recognition technology”, and “sensor technology” appears. Also in the upper left area are the brown clusters “deep learning”, “language context”, and “language processing”. Near the center, above the horizontal dashed line and slightly left of the vertical dashed line, appears the dark pink cluster “educational a i”, “a i learning”, and “educational policies”. Near the center, to the right of the vertical dashed line and slightly above the horizontal dashed line, appears the grey cluster “education research”, “learning sciences”, and “integrating a i”. The upper right quadrant is labeled “Motor Themes”. In this quadrant appear the orange cluster “generative a i”, “learning experiences”, and “critical thinking”. The lower right quadrant is labeled “Basic Themes”. In this quadrant appear the pink cluster “artificial intelligence”, “education a i e d”, and “a i e d research”, the blue cluster “learning analytics”, “learning environment”, and “learning technologies”. The purple cluster “intelligent tutoring”, “tutoring systems”, and “educational data” appears slightly above these but below the horizontal dashed line. The lower left quadrant is labeled “Emerging or Declining Themes”. In this quadrant appear the green cluster “language model” and “a i chatbot”, and also the light green cluster “digital literacy”.Thematic map. Source(s): Developed by the authors (2025), with information generated by the Bibliometrix package