Figure 1
The figure consists of four map panels labeled a, b, c, and d, each with a north arrow shown as the letter N with an upward arrow symbol. Panel “a” displays a country-level map with internal administrative boundaries drawn in thin black lines with an area highlighted in red. Panel “b” shows a zoomed-in regional boundary map with a single district highlighted in the East. Panel “2007 c” presents an urban map divided into numbered districts marked with the digits 1 through 10, with grey lines representing the road network, black boundary lines representing districts, and green filled shapes representing parks distributed sparsely across the city. Panel “2017 d” shows the same urban area with the same numbered districts and road network but with an increased number and size of green filled park areas, while a scale bar at the bottom right of panels c and d shows distances marked as 0, 1, 2, and 4 kilometer, and a legend indicates that green filled areas represent parks, thin grey lines represent the road network, and black outlined areas represent districts.Study area: (a) country of Iran, (b) Province of Alborz, (c) and (d) City of Karaj and its UGSs in 2007 and 2017. Source: Authors’ own work