Figure 4
The figure contains three urban maps labeled a, b, and c, each showing the same urban boundary outlined in black with internal spatial units filled by a red-to-blue color gradient. Panel “a” represents the car accessibility difference, Panel “b” represents the pedestrian accessibility difference, and Panel “c” represents the population difference. Each panel includes a North direction indicator shown as the letter N with an upward arrow symbol and a distance scale bar marked 0, 1.5, and 3 kilometers. The legend indicates that in “Panel a” the car accessibility difference ranges from negative 16 through negative 1.3, negative 0.63, 1.5, 2.6, to 13, in “Panel b” the pedestrian accessibility difference ranges from negative 110.3 through negative 0.75, negative 0.1, 0.53, 1.58, to 52.7, and in panel c the population difference ranges from negative 3937 through negative 186, negative 51, 69, 227, to 3827. The spatial patterns for panel “a” show red shades concentrated in Northern and Southwestern regions, blue shades concentrated in the Southeastern areas, and yellow hues across the East, Central, and West zones. The spatial patterns for panel “b” show red shades concentrated in the Northern, central, Southwestern, and Southeastern regions, blue shades concentrated in the Southeastern areas, and yellow hues across the North and West zones. The spatial patterns for panel “c” show all the shades scattered throughout the map.Differences in pedestrian accessibility (a), car accessibility (b), and population (c) between 2007 and 2017. Source: Authors’ own work