Figure 1
A structural path diagram links “Leader Calling”, “Trust”, and “Employee Calling” across three time points.The diagram shows three groups of constructs labeled “Leader Calling T 1”, “Trust T 1”, and “Employee Calling T 1” on the left, “Leader Calling T 2”, “Trust T 2”, and “Employee Calling T 2” in the center, and “Leader Calling T 3”, “Trust T 3”, and “Employee Calling T 3” on the right. Each construct is represented by an oval connected to rectangular indicator boxes by arrows. On the left side, “Leader Calling T 1” connects to three rectangles labeled “L C 1”, “L C 2”, and “L C 3” with path values “0.86”, “0.82”, and “0.86”. “Trust T 1” connects to “T R 1” and “T R 2” with path values “0.96” and “0.89”. “Employee Calling T 1” connects to “E C 1”, “E C 2”, and “E C 3” with path values “0.84”, “0.75”, and “0.84”. Below these constructs appears another oval labeled “L C x T R T 1” connected to rectangles labeled “L C x T R 1”, “L C x T R 2”, “L C x T R 3”, “L C x T R 4”, “L C x T R 5”, and “L C x T R 6” with values “0.92”, “0.91”, “0.85”, “0.84”, “0.88”, and “0.88”. Arrows extend from the left constructs to the center constructs with path values “0.62” from “Leader Calling T 1” to “Leader Calling T 2”, “0.66” from “Trust T 1” to “Trust T 2”, “0.83” from “Employee Calling T 1” to “Employee Calling T 2”, and “0.14” from “Employee Calling T 1” to “Leader Calling T 2” and another “0.11” from “Employee Calling T 1” to “Trust T 2”. In the center section, “Leader Calling T 2” connects to “L C 1”, “L C 2”, and “L C 3” with values “0.89”, “0.84”, and “0.91”. “Trust T 2” connects to “T R 1” and “T R 2” with values “0.90” and “0.88”. “Employee Calling T 2” connects to “E C 1”, “E C 2”, and “E C 3” with values “0.82”, “.83”, and “0.84”. Arrows extend from the center constructs to the right constructs with path values “0.57” from “Leader Calling T 2” to “Leader Calling T 3”, “0.76” from “Trust T 2” to “Trust T 3”, and “0.82” from “Employee Calling T 2” to “Employee Calling T 3”. Additional arrows appear between the constructs with values “0.14”, “0.22”, and “0.11” from “Leader Calling T 2” to “Employee Calling T 3”, “Trust T 2” to “Leader Calling T 3”, and “Employee Calling T 2” to “Leader Calling T 3”, respectively. On the right side, “Leader Calling T 3” connects to rectangles labeled “L C 1”, “L C 2”, and “L C 3” with values “0.88”, “0.85”, and “0.90”. “Trust T 3” connects to “T R 1” and “T R 2” with values “0.97” and “0.89”. “Employee Calling T 3” connects to “E C 1”, “E C 2”, and “E C 3” with values “0.90”, “0.79”, and “0.87”. Curved arrows appear between the constructs within each time section. A long arrow labeled “0.15” extends from “L C x T R T 1” to “Employee Calling T 3”.

Cross-lagged panel model with latent variables and lag 2 interaction. Note: Correlations between residuals of the same indicators at different measurement occasions have been specified but are omitted in the path diagram for clarity. Observed variables represent item parcels. Parcels were constructed using the item-to-construct balance approach, in which items were first ordered by their average factor loadings across time based on an initial single-factor CFA. Items were then paired so that higher-loading and lower-loading items were combined within each parcel (Little et al., 2002). The observed indicators of the latent interaction factor were derived using Marsh’s product-indicator approach. In this procedure, each item of the first latent construct is multiplied by each item of the second latent construct to generate a set of product indicators (Marsh et al., 2004). Model fit: χ²(373) = 1,329.383, CFI = 0.86, RMSEA = 0.11, 95% CI [0.10; 0.12], uSRMR = 0.00, 95% CI [−0.05; 0.05]. All estimates in the diagram are standardized. Values higher than β = 0.22 are significant (p < 0.05). Source(s): Authors’ own work

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