Figure 1.
Two scatter plots used for data comparison and validation. Graph a shows air temperature in degrees Celsius, plotting E R A 5 values on the vertical axis against meteorological station measurements on the horizontal axis. Graph b shows G H I in watts per square metre, again comparing E R A 5 data with station observations. In both graphs, a solid diagonal line represents the one-to-one relationship where E R A 5 values equal station measurements, while dashed lines indicate plus ten per cent and minus ten per cent deviation limits. Data points are colour coded to distinguish pre heatwave, during heatwave, and post heatwave periods. The clustering of points around the one-to-one line indicates overall agreement between E R A 5 and station data, while the spread relative to the deviation bands illustrates the magnitude and direction of differences under different heatwave conditions.Direct comparison between measured and ERA5-Land air temperature (a) and global horizontal irradiance (b) for both heatwaves and for each regime
Source: Authors’ own work