Figure 1.
The diagram presents a structural model separated into two survey sections. The upper section contains management integration, technical integration, and financial performance labelled F P. The lower section contains E M C S and environmental performance labelled E P. Arrows connect E M C S to management integration through H 4 a and to E P through H 1. Management integration connects to technical integration and to F P through H 4 b. Technical integration connects to F P through H 3 b. Arrows from both management integration and technical integration link toward E P through H 3 a. A boundary marks confounding variables in the lower right. The model shows directional hypotheses with plus signs.Conceptual model