Figure 1.
The diagram presents a structured research process divided into four sections. First, research philosophy is described as pragmatic. Next, the research approach is defined as multi-layered. Then, framework development includes three components, literature synthesis based on white and grey literature on D P P s, D M B s, and C E strategies within the last 5 years, expert workshops using participatory design with 14 cross-sectional international experts, and iterative framework design aligned with E N 1 5 9 7 8 and mapped across eight implementation blocks. Finally, framework validation includes expert panel review with 8 international highly experts, a structured evaluation protocol using a dichotomous consensus approach, and refinement based on feedback.Research protocol
Source: Authors’ compilation (2026)