Figure 1.
The P R I S M A-style flowchart illustrates the identification and selection process for studies via databases and registers across 5 stages. Stage 1 Identification shows records identified from Scopus, n equal to 137, and ScienceDirect, n equal to 12 542, with duplicate records removed before screening, n equal to 11 162. Stage 2 Screening shows records screened by headline review, n equal to 1517, with records excluded in headline review, n equal to 1420. Stage 3 shows reports assessed in abstract review, n equal to 97, with reports excluded in abstract review, n equal to 35. Stage 4 Eligibility shows reports assessed in full-text review, n equal to 62, with exclusions based on 5 reasons: not directly related to Digital Twin or building maintenance, n equal to 19; lacked primary data or substantial analysis, n equal to 10; duplicated findings from other included studies, n equal to 6; irrelevant focus on unrelated aspects, n equal to 5; and language limitations, n equal to 3. Stage 5: Included shows studies included in the final review, n equal to 19.Paper selection process (PRISMA flow diagram)
Source: Authors’ own work