Figure 4
Three graphs showing probability distributions for original and skewed data with varying z values, labelled a, b, and c, illustrating changes in distribution shape.The image consists of three graphs, labelled a, b, and c, depicting probability distributions. Graph a presents the original data with a bell shaped curve plotted against z values ranging from negative three point five to positive three point five, with probability on the vertical axis. Graph b illustrates skewed data with a parameter k equal to two, maintaining the z value range and showing a shift in the distribution shape. Graph c further represents skewed data with a parameter k equal to three, again within the same z value range, demonstrating an increased skew to the right. Each graph includes vertical bars representing distribution frequency, with arrows indicating the transformation from original to skewed data. The graphs utilise a consistent scale on both axes for easy comparison.

Standard normal probability plots for: (a) original data set 2 (plastic limit; CoV =15%), (b) skewed data set (k = 2) and (c) skewed data set (k = 3)

Source: Figure by authors

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