Figure 7
A three-dimensional cylindrical container is filled with spherical particles, with horizontal planes at top and bottom and X, Y, Z coordinate axes indicated beside the model.The container has a transparent wall and a flat circular base. A horizontal plane intersects the upper portion of the container. Another horizontal plane is positioned near the base. Numerous spheres occupy the full height of the cylinder. On the left side, a coordinate system is displayed. The Y axis points upward. The X axis points horizontally to the right. The Z axis points diagonally downward to the left.

Sample preparation by radius expansion method in PFC3D

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