Figure 8
A schematic is on the left, and circular particle cross-sections are on the right. The left schematic shows several circles labelled d sub i, less than three millimetres or six millimetres. Vertical arrows indicate d sub four comma one and d sub four comma three. Three vertical arrows are labelled h sub four comma one open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis, h sub four comma two open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis, and h sub four comma three open parenthesis x comma y comma z close parenthesis. Four horizontal red lines divide the height. The vertical spacings are labelled s sub h one, s sub h two, s sub h three, and s sub h four. The base is labelled Sample Base. An axis indicator marks X, Y, and Z directions. On the right, two columns are titled Air Pluviation and Radius Expansion. Four circular particle assemblies correspond to heights of one-hundred-twenty millimetres, eighty millimetres, forty millimetres, and ten millimetres.Vertical cross-section of the twin PFC-3D model showing one possible particle packing on the x–z plane slice. Spherical particles with centroids further than the particle’s radius are not included in the reconstruction of the binary image. Binary images reconstructed at various slice heights for both air pluviation and radius expansion are shown on the right