Figure 3
A grouped bar chart compares control, vertical, and horizontal conditions across prevention and promotion outcomes.The horizontal axis of the grouped vertical bar graph lists two categories labeled “Prevention” and “Promotion.” The vertical axis ranges from 0 to 5. Each category contains three vertical bars. A legend on the right indicates that the bars represent “Control”, “Vertical”, and “Horizontal.” Error bars are shown on all bars. The data for the bars are as follows: Prevention: Control: 3.8, Vertical: 4.6, Horizontal: 3.2. Promotion: Control: 3.1, Vertical: 2.8, Horizontal: 2.5. Note: All the numerical values are approximated.

AI-based UPB (y-axis) as a function of regulatory focus (x-axis) and competitive context (group) in Study 2. Source: Authors' own work

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